II / Ion Implantation

Ion implantation is a process of introducing in a controllable way energetic atoms or molecules into a solid to alter its physicochemical properties. Atoms or molecules are first vaporized and ionized, accelerated in an electric field, selected according to their mass-to-charge ratio and directed at the target material. Their penetration depth is determined by their mass, the acceleration energy, the target material including the crystalline state of the latter, and the angle of incidence of the ion beam. The dose (atoms/cm2) of the implanted species is controlled by monitoring the ion beam current. Selective implantation can be achieved by means of a patterned masking material (e.g., SiO2, Si3N4, photoresists) formed onto the surface of the target material.

Introduction of dopant atoms is the most common application of ion implantation in the semiconductor industry. In that case a thermal treatment is applied after ion implantation to activate the dopant atoms (e.g., B, P, As for Si technology) and damage recovery of the crystalline lattice. Ion implantation has been successfully used for other applications including the fabrication of silicon-on-insulator substrates and nanocrystals in dielectric materials.

Tool

Eaton NV-3204

Applications

(a) Selective doping of silicon, germanium and compound semiconductors
(b) Modification of insulating layers
(c) Fabrication of p-n junctions and transistors (MOSFETs, Bipolar, MESFETs)
(d) Fabrication of Si nanocrystals
(e) Modification of polymeric and nano-composite materials

Method

Medium Current Medium Energy Ion Implantation

Ion Energy

20 – 200 keV (selectable in 1 keV increments)

Ion Beam Current

Up to 500μΑ

Species

B, BF2, P, As, N, Si, Ar

Uniformity

Better than 0.75%

Repeatability

Better than 0.5%

Mass range

125 AMU at standard extraction voltages

Mass resolution

M/ΔΜ>100/1 (ΔΜ is the full width at half height)

Implant Angle

Adjustable 0 to 15 degs

Substrate size

Square samples 1cm x 1cm up to 4΄΄ wafers

Environment

Clean-Room (ISO 6 / Class 1000)

Additional Information

Dr Vassilis Vamvakas (v.vamvakas@inn.demokritos.gr)

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