XRD /X-Ray Diffraction
X-Ray Diffraction is a well-known technique for the investigation of the structure of crystalline solids and powders. X-rays wavelength is between the ultraviolet and gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum, and its magnitude is of the same order of interatomic distances in crystals. Depending on the x-ray wavelength, crystal orientation and structure, a beam of X-rays falling on a crystal undergoes diffraction. The x-ray beam interacts with the electron density of atoms or ions of the crystal lattice, thus producing a specific electron map for the crystalline material investigated. Each crystal has a unique pattern and X-Ray diffraction gives a fingerprint of the studied material. The data collected from the reflections at various angles are analysed according to Bragg' s law. Powder X-ray Diffraction is widely used both for the qualitative analysis of crystalline materials and for the quantitative measurements of crystalline components in composite materials.
The facility includes diffractometers ranging from powder to single crystal XRD equipped with several different stages and reactors like high temperature furnaces for gas-solid catalytic reactions.
D500 SIEMENS (θ/2θ)
Phase identification, crystallite size, crystallinity
CuKa radiation (3 kW)
Bragg-Brentano/parafocusing
slits/soller slits/ secondary pyrolitic graphite monochromator
Scintillation detector (0D)
Sample holders for powders, thin films and zero background plates for measuring samples of small quantity.
Standard stage using the 40-position sample changer
the independent movement of θ or 2θ angles give the possibility to perform ω scan or rocking curve measurements
JADE 7, PDXL 2, Fullprof, Profex
Dr V. Psycharis, v.psycharis@inn.demokritos.gr
Smart Lab Rigaku diffractometer (θ/θ scan)
Phase identification, crystallite size, crystallinity
CuKa radiation (3 kW)
Bragg-Brentano/parafocusing
slits/soller slits/ secondary pyrolitic graphite monochromator), DCO mirror for reflectivity measurements
Scintilation detector (0D)
Sample holders for powders, thin films and zero background plates for measuring samples of small quantity.
Standard stage for powders, thin film attachment (4” wafers)
Slit system, sample mounting stage and vacuum path unit for SAXS (small angle X-ray measurements)
JADE 7, PDXL 2, Fullprof, Profex
Dr V. Psycharis, v.psycharis@inn.demokritos.gr
R-Axis Spider Area Detector System for single crystal and powder samples studies
Single crystal analysis
Cu, Mo radiation (3 kW)
Three circle goniometer
collimators (conventional and capillary optics), primary pyrolytic graphite monochromator
Curved large area Image plate detector
Goniometer heads for sample mounting
X-Sream 2000. Low temperature unit, with Nitrogen generator, He compressor, stainless steel hose and nozzle for delivery of nitrogen on the sample. Temperature range operation: 100K-RT.
Measurement of single crystals with 1mm size and smaller and powder samples in capillaries
Crystal Clear, WINGX(GUI), OLEX-2(GUI), SIR, SHELXS-SHELXL
Dr C. Raptopoulou, c.raptopouloy@inn.demokritos.gr
Dr V. Psycharis, v.psycharis@inn.demokritos.gr
BRUKER D8 ADVANCE
Phase identification, crystallite size, crystallinity, gas-solid reactions up to 1173K
CuKa radiation (1,6kW)
Bragg-Brentano geometry (0-1600)
Parallel beam optics, diffracted beam monochromator, soller slits, knife edge collimators
2 detectors : one scintillation detector (0D) and one 1D (strip)
Holders for powders, Zero back ground holders (ZBH), custom made holders
One standard, one rotational, one for thin film analysis, one reactor for high temperature gas-solid reactions
Rocking curve, ω scan
DIFFRACplus-TOPAS R, DIFFRACplus-LEPTOS 4, DIFFRACplus- EVA
Dr. Vasileios Dracopoulos, indy@iceht.forth.gr
BEDE D1 Triple Axis High Resolution XRD
Single crystal analysis
Siemens - Sealed X-ray tube [CuKa radiation (2kW)]
Three circle goniometer
3 Si cut crystals with one channel symmetric to the 022 planes and one asymmetric to 022 planes. Slits
Scintillation detector
100XY sample stage with X,Y, rotation and tilt sample manipulation capability
Reciprocal Space Mapping, Specimen area mapping
PeakSplit, RADS Mercury, Bede Contour
Katerina Tsagaraki, ktsag@physics.uoc.gr
